9/11/2018 5:00:00 PM
學(xué)習(xí)德語(yǔ)是非常具有挑戰(zhàn)的
德國(guó)的語(yǔ)言是公認(rèn)的難學(xué)，而且這種說(shuō)法是基于事實(shí)證明的。但是，那些對(duì)德文沒(méi)有更深入了解的人，不應(yīng)該那么快地誤解學(xué)習(xí)德語(yǔ)起重的細(xì)節(jié)。
The German language is notorious for being difficult to learn, and it can be said that this reputation is based on factual evidence. However, those who don’t have a deeper understanding of German shouldn’t be so quick to misinterpret the details.
學(xué)習(xí)德國(guó)的第一個(gè)規(guī)則之一是，例如與浪漫語(yǔ)言一樣，名詞總是被大寫(xiě)化，并且具有三種性別，而不僅僅是兩個(gè)（男性和女性）。德國(guó)人具有男性氣質(zhì)，女性化和中性，每一種都有自己的差異。為了知道正確的赤字是什么，人們必須知道四個(gè)主要的情況：名詞，指責(zé)，對(duì)立和基因。這四種情況之間的差異如下：在提名情況下，單獨(dú)的名詞被指定或指定，而不與另一個(gè)對(duì)象進(jìn)行任何交互。在指責(zé)中，它提到這個(gè)名詞涉及某種行為或運(yùn)動(dòng)。潛水通常涉及物體或物體的位置。最后，基因是指起源或所有權(quán)。一些動(dòng)詞需要使用一種情況.
One of the first rules of German is that nouns are always capitalized and have three genders, not just two (masculine and feminine), as is the case with Romance languages, for example. German has masculine, feminine and neuter, each of which comes with its own variations. In order to know what the correct declination is, one must know the four principal cases: the nominative, the accusative, the dative and the genitive. The difference among these four cases is the following: in the nominative case the noun alone is appointed or designated without any interaction with another object. In the accusative it makes a reference that the noun is involved in some kind of action or movement. The dative usually involves the location of the object or subject. Finally, the genitive refers to origin or ownership. Some verbs require the use of one case, while others require the use of another, and the only way to learn it is through memorization, otherwise we are doomed to make endless mistakes.
語(yǔ)法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)往往是決定開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)這門(mén)語(yǔ)言的人的挑戰(zhàn)。真的有很多規(guī)則，但好消息是它們是合乎邏輯的，并被遵循; 你只需要有一個(gè)很好的記憶來(lái)記住他們。
Grammar and sentence structure are often a challenge for those who decide to start studying this language. There really are a lot of rules, but the good news is that they’re logical and are followed; you just have to have a good memory to remember them all.
德語(yǔ)也是一種建設(shè)性語(yǔ)言，其中可以無(wú)限期地加入（無(wú)限期地）單詞以創(chuàng)建更具體的描述或事物的定義。一個(gè)這樣的話是“Rechtsschutzversicherungsgesellschaften”，這意味著“提供法律保護(hù)的保險(xiǎn)公司”，而且不管相信與否，這不是 德語(yǔ)中最長(zhǎng)的一個(gè)詞。
German is also a constructive language in which words can be joined (indefinitely?) to create more specific descriptions or definitions of things. One such word is “Rechtsschutzversicherungsgesellschaften” which means “insurance companies providing legal protection” … and, believe it or not, this isn’t the longest word in the German language.
根據(jù)所使用的介詞或構(gòu)造的類(lèi)型，很難習(xí)慣顛倒句子順序。例如，“Diese sind die Freunde，die ich in Europa kennengelernt habe”將被翻譯為“這些是我在歐洲遇到的朋友”，如果這個(gè)訂單是用德語(yǔ)維護(hù)的。
It can be hard to get used to the inverted sentence order, depending on the type of preposition or construction that is used. For example, “Diese sind die Freunde, die ich in Europa kennengelernt habe” would be translated as “These are the friends that I in Europe have met”, if the order is maintained in German.
即使一個(gè)人研究了很多年的語(yǔ)言并達(dá)到流利程度和理解的一個(gè)很好的水平，他們?nèi)匀槐仨毺幚硭胁煌牡聡?guó)方言中存在的每一個(gè)地區(qū)（更不用說(shuō)所有不同的口音）德國(guó)，奧地利，瑞士和意大利的部分地區(qū)，甚至在非洲的前德國(guó)殖民地。這些方言之間的區(qū)別是非常極端的，因?yàn)樵S多德語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)者甚至可能需要字幕來(lái)理解來(lái)自自己國(guó)家的電視節(jié)目，因?yàn)榉窖允窍嗷ゲ煌摹?/span>
Even when a person studies the language for many years and achieves an excellent level of fluency and understanding, they still have to deal with all the different German dialects (not to mention all the different accents) that exist in every region of Germany, Austria, parts of Switzerland and Italy and even in former German colonies in Africa. The difference between some of these dialects is so extreme that many native German-speakers may even need subtitles to understand television programs from their own country, because the dialects are so different from one another.
學(xué)習(xí)德語(yǔ)是很困難的，但不是不可能的。這是一個(gè)喜歡挑戰(zhàn)的人的操場(chǎng)。對(duì)于那些沒(méi)有時(shí)間或?qū)W習(xí)手段的人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們總能依靠翻譯機(jī)構(gòu)提供的支持來(lái)與德國(guó)人交流，與他們的文化保持聯(lián)系。
It is difficult, but not impossible to learn German. It is a playground for those who love a good challenge. And for those who don’t have the time or the means to study, they can always count on the support provided by translation agencies in order to interact with German speakers and get in touch with their culture.
——選自：樂(lè)文翻譯
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